Taxes and the ITIN

5 min read

The IRS collects federal income tax; many states also have income tax. Filing is annual, usually due in April.

Do you need to file

If you earn income in the US, you generally must file a federal tax return. Filing can also get you refunds and tax credits you are owed.

SSN vs. ITIN

If you can work, you use your SSN. If you cannot get an SSN but still need to file (or are a dependent/spouse), you apply for an ITIN using IRS Form W-7.

Quick tips

• Keep every W-2 and 1099 income form.
• Free filing help (VITA) exists for lower incomes.
• Beware "IRS" phone/text scams — the IRS contacts you first by mail.

When and how

The tax year is the calendar year; returns are usually due in mid-April. You can file online, with software, or through a tax preparer.

Get help if unsure

Immigration and tax status interact in complex ways. A qualified tax preparer or the free VITA program can help you file correctly.

Official resources

General guidance, not official advice

These guides explain how things generally work. Rules and amounts vary by state and change over time — always confirm the details with the official sources linked in each guide.